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Scotia Sea Islands tundra

Coordinates: 54°27′S 36°27′W / 54.45°S 36.45°W / -54.45; -36.45
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Scotia Sea Islands tundra
Islands of the ecoregion (in red dashed box)
Ecology
RealmAntarctic
Biometundra
Geography
Area7,493 km2 (2,893 sq mi)
Countries
Overseas territories
Coordinates54°27′S 36°27′W / 54.45°S 36.45°W / -54.45; -36.45
Conservation
Conservation statusRelatively stable/intact
Protected0 km² (0%)[1]

The Scotia Sea Islands tundra is a tundra ecoregion (WWF AN1103) which includes several island groups – South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, South Shetland Islands, and Bouvet Island – in the Scotia Sea, where the South Atlantic Ocean meets the Southern Ocean.[2] [3] [4] [5] Most of the terrain is covered with snow and permanent ice, with tundra vegetation - moss, lichen, and algae - on the remainder. The islands support important rookeries for seals, seabirds, and penguins. The islands have no permanent human habitation, and the cold, harsh climate and ending of seal hunting and whaling has prevented settlement.[5]

Location and description

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The island groups of the ecoregion are southeast of the southern tip of South America.

Climate

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The climate of the islands is Tundra climate (Köppen climate classification ET), a cold, harsh climate in which at least one month has an average temperature high enough to melt snow (0 °C (32 °F)), but no month with an average temperature in excess of 10 °C (50 °F).[6][7] Because the islands are south of the Antarctic Convergence, the climate is more closely associated with Antarctica than South America.[5]

Flora and fauna

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South Georgia supports a rich tundra with 50 species of vascular plants. The colder South Orkney and South Shetland islands support only simple mosses, lichens, and algae. The islands have no native land animals, but support a marine fauna that include sea birds and seals.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; et al. (June 2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
  2. ^ Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014
  3. ^ "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  4. ^ "Scotia Sea Islands tundra". Digital Observatory for Protected Areas. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "Scotia Sea Islands tundra". The Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  6. ^ Kottek, M.; Grieser, J.; Beck, C.; Rudolf, B.; Rubel, F. (2006). "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  7. ^ "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  8. ^ "Scotia Sea". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Accessed 21 April 2020. [1]